Clubfoot
Clubfoot What is clubfoot? Congenital Talipes Equinovarus (CTEV), often referred to as clubfoot, is a congenital deformity where one or both feet are twisted inward and downward (Fig.1), giving the foot a characteristic inward and backward appearance. This condition can vary in severity, potentially affecting the muscles, bones, and joints of the foot, and may […]
Limb Length Discrepancy
Limb Length Discrepancy What is limb length discrepancy? Limb length discrepancy (LLD) occurs when there is a noticeable difference in the lengths of the arms or legs. In many cases, children are born with legs of different lengths. This congenital condition may not be noticeable to parents until the child begins to crawl or walk, […]
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip in Babies
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip in Babies What is developmental dysplasia of the hip Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), also known as congenital dislocation of the hip or hip dysplasia, is a developmental condition where a child is born with an unstable or loose hip joint. This instability arises because the hip socket is […]
Knock Knees
Knock knees (Genu Valgum) in children What are knock knees? Knock knees, medically known as genu valgum, is a condition where a child stands up straight, and their knees tilt inward while their ankles are spaced apart. This alignment issue is typically noticeable when a child stands with their knees touching and feet apart. What […]
Bow Legs
Bow Legs Humans have a keen eye for what is normal or abnormal. The great artist and philosopher Leonardo da Vinci’s sketch of the Vitruvian man shows us the perfect geometric proportions of a human body. An understanding of lower limb alignment must first start by knowing what is the normal lower limb mechanical alignment. […]
Paediatric Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injuries
Paediatric Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injuries Paediatric ACL injuries are on the rise due to an increase in the level and number of organized sports amongst children. This injury can be devastating, and career-ending even for some athletes: https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2014/nov/15/adrian-doherty-manchester-united-class-of-92 Yet due to recent advances in medical science, especially in ACL reconstructive surgery, there have been […]
